Define Antibiotics, How are microbes used in formation of Antibiotics.

Define Antibiotics, How are microbes used in formation of Antibiotics.

• Antibiotics are chemicals, obtained from different microbes. These chemicals retard or terminate the growth of harmful microbes.

• This content  includes the Definition of  Antibiotics, How are microbes used in formation of Antibiotics.

Discovery of first antibiotics

• Alexander Flemming was the first who discovered the first antibiotic called penicillin when he was working on Staphylococcus  bacteria.

 Role of Microbes in household product 

• He observed that  these bacteria were not growing around the mould ( Penicillium notatum) on a culture plate. 

• He stated that the chemical that is produced by the mould is capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria. 

• This chemical was successfully isolated from Penicillium and was named Penicillin. 

• Interestingly The potential and working capacity of Penicillin was established by Ernest Chain and Howard Florey. 

• This antibiotic was extensively used in treating of American soldiers during world war second. For this, Flemming , Chain and Florey got the Nobel Prize in Medicine .

• In the present, Penicillin G and Penicillin N have been produced from Penicillium notatum and Penicillium chrysogenum.

Read about the Vaccine and it's type

• This antibiotic is capable of treating the diseases caused by cocci group bacteria.

Different types of Antibiotics

• Streptomycin in other antibiotics, was first isolated by renowned Waskman from the Streptomyces griseus.

• This antibiotics is quite effective against the gram -ve bacteria. For Ex- Gentamicin  and Kanamycin are used to treat the infection of Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium.

• Tetracycline most well. antibiotics isolated from streptomyces aureofaciens. 

• This antibiotics is effective against the infection of  Gram+ve and Gram -ve bacteria both. For Ex- Chlortetracycline is prominently used to treat the infection of pneumonia, anthrax etc.

• Chloromycetin or chloramphenicol was made from the Streptomyces venezuelae. 

• This antibiotics is used in treatment of  typhoid and paratyphoid fever, dysentery , trachoma etc. 

• Polymyxin is obtained from bacteria Bacillus polymyxa. This is used to  treat meningitis.

• Erythromycin was Isolated from Streptomyces erythreus and used in treatment of tonsillitis and wound infection.

• Cephalosporins are derived from cephalosporium acremonium and given in case of urinary and respiratory tract infection.

• Bacitracin has been produced from Bacillus subtilis. It has a synergic effect and is used in the treatment of surgical infection.