A complete study about the Evolution of Human or Phylogeny of Human

• The phylogeny refer to history of evolution of a species with their descent and their relationship.

• It has been regarded that the phylogeny of humans started from Gorillas and chimpanzees like Ape  who existed around fifteen million years ago.

• These were called Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus.

• It is to be believed that Dryopithecus were more app-like whereas Ramapithecus was more man-like.

• It is also to be believed that most of the evolution of humans takes place in East Africa like Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya.

• Although the remains of humans have been found in other parts of Africa, Asia and Europe.

• Fossil bones  with hominid features have indicated that man-like primates walked   in East Africa about 3 to 4 million years ago.  They were hardly 4 feet in height but  walked upright. The phylogeny of human has been given below-

Dryopithecus or Proconsul -

• It is believed that they were  present in Asia, Africa and Europe about 15 to 26 million years ago.
• They were common ancestors of ape and  human.

• The fossil of these  preman   have been found from France, Kenya and India. Dryopithecus africanus was like a Rhesus monkey  in size and walked semi erect on knuckles.

• Snout was slightly projecting. The jaws and dentition were like those of apes. Brow ridge was  absent.

• Forelimbs and hindlimbs were the same size. Skull was monkey like but forehead was human like.

Ramapithecus or Kenyapithecus 

• It is the first main creature which was discovered from Shivalik hills, Africa as well as Europe.

• They were present between 8 to 15 million years ago. 

• They walked on its leg and called subman.

• Their height  was not more than 4 feet, Snout was prognathous with projecting jaws. Their Dentition was for feeding nuts, seeds and grasses .

Australopithecus or Lucy -

• They lived around two million years ago in the grasslands of East Africa.

• The height was about 4 feet and  could walk and run on leg but knee were in a bent position.

• The head was similar to an ape. The fossil of the child was discovered at Twang in Tanzania therefore it is called Twang baby.

• The known species is Australopithecus africanus. Their face was prognathous with a prominent brow ridge but their chin was absent.

• They were omnivorous and used stone and bone weapons but they mostly used fruit for feeding.

• Their cranial capacity was 400 to 600 cc. Australopithecus anamensis considered a missing link between hominid and ape. 

Remember👌🏽👌🏽 Australopithecus afarensis was discovered by Donald Johansan and named it Lucy. 

Homo habilis -

• It was discovered by Leaky from Tanzania.

• They lived on earth  around 2.5 million years  ago. they was the first early true man who had a height of less than 150 centimeters and cranial  capacity was about  650 to 800 CC.

• Face was  slightly prognathous but dentition was more human-like with a lower jaw.

• They were also known as toolmaker able man and pleistocene Man.

• They got shelter against rain, wind and wild animals.

• Some coworkers believed they were herbívoros and others said that they  were omnivorous. 

Homo Erectus -

• They were present  around 0.25 million years ago. They walked erect therefore they were called erect man.

• Their height was around 150 to 170 centimeters with cranial capacity of 900CC. Their face was prognathous, smaller chin and large sized teeth.

• They also developed a primitive type of speech. They probably ate meat and used the cave for shelter and Fire for various purposes.

• Their other contemporaries were also discovered in various locations around the world.

Java man or Homo Erectus Erectus - 

• They were also called pithecanthropus Erectus and discovered by Dubois  from Java.

• They had larger size with protruded faces, large jaws, flat nose and thick lips.

Peking man or Homo Erectus pekinensis -

• They were also called Sinanthropus pekinensis.

• They were discovered from a cave near Beijing.

• They were shorter but with large cranial capacity. They used sharp  tools.

Neanderthal Man or Homo neanderthalensis -

• They lived near  East and Central Asia between 100000 to  40000 years ago.

• Their height was about 150 cm but their  cranial capacity was about 1400 CC.

• Foreheads were broad. Nose was long and they  lived  in caves as well as hut-like structures. They started  to bury their dead.

Homo sapiens -

• They are also known as  Man. They evolved from Homo Erectus around five lakh years ago.

• They were probably found in África And spread throughout the world.

Cromagnon man -

• Their fossils were present between 20000 to 50000 years back their height was about 180 cm cranial capacity was about 1650 cc with broad forehead.

• Face was orthognathus, thick skull, strong jaws and narrow nose.

• They were cave dwellers. They went hunting with an arrow. Ivory ornaments were used. They did nice cave painting.

Modern man or Homo sapien Sapiens -

• They Were evolved during the Ice Age between 10000 to 75000 years ago.

• Their skull bones have become thin. The cranial capacity is about 1400CC. 

• There are multiple bones in their vertebral column.  The modern man has undergone long culture and evolution.

• The art of painting was develop. The evidence of painting has been found at Bhimbetka cave     in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh .