A complete study about the Evolution of Human or Phylogeny of Human

The phylogeny refer to history of evolution of a species with their descent and their relationship.

It has been regarded that the phylogeny of humans started from Gorillas and chimpanzees like Ape  who existed around fifteen million years ago. These were called Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus. It is to be believed that Dryopithecus were more app-like whereas Ramapithecus was more man-like. It is also to be believed that most of the evolution of humans takes place in East Africa like Ethiopia, Tanzania, Kenya. Although the remains of humans have been found in other parts of Africa, Asia and Europe. Fossil bones  with hominid features have indicated that man-like primates walked   in East Africa about 3 to 4 million years ago.  They were hardly 4 feet in height but  walked upright. The phylogeny of human has been given below-

Dryopithecus or Proconsul - it is believed that they were  present in Asia, Africa and Europe about 15 to 26 million years ago. They were common ancestors of ape and  human.The fossil of these  preman   have been found from France, Kenya and India. Dryopithecus africanus was like a Rhesus monkey  in size and walked semi erect on knuckles. Snout was slightly projecting. The jaws and dentition were like those of apes. Brow ridge was  absent. Forelimbs and hindlimbs were the same size. Skull was monkey like but forehead was human like.

Ramapithecus or Kenyapithecus  It is the first main creature which was discovered from Shivalik hills, Africa as well as Europe. They were present between 8 to 15 million years ago.  They walked on its leg and called subman. Their height  was not more than 4 feet, Snout was prognathous with projecting jaws. Their Dentition was for feeding nuts, seeds and grasses .

Australopithecus or Lucy - They lived around two million years ago in the grasslands of East Africa. The height was about 4 feet and  could walk and run on leg but knee were in a bent position. The head was similar to an ape. The fossil of the child was discovered at Twang in Tanzania therefore it is called Twang baby. The known species is Australopithecus africanus. Their face was prognathous with a prominent brow ridge but their chin was absent. They were omnivorous and used stone and bone weapons but they mostly used fruit for feeding.Their cranial capacity was 400 to 600 cc. Australopithecus anamensis considered a missing link between hominid and ape. 

Remember👌🏽👌🏽 Australopithecus afarensis was discovered by Donald Johansan and named it Lucy. 

Homo habilis - It was discovered by Leaky from Tanzania. They lived on earth  around 2.5 million years  ago. they was the first early true man who had a height of less than 150 centimeters and cranial  capacity was about  650 to 800 CC. Face was  slightly prognathous but dentition was more human-like with a lower jaw. They were also known as toolmaker able man and pleistocene Man. They got shelter against rain, wind and wild animals. Some coworkers believed they were herbívoros and others said that they  were omnivorous. 

Homo Erectus - They were present  around 0.25 million years ago. They walked erect therefore they were called erect man. Their height was around 150 to 170 centimeters with cranial capacity of 900CC. Their face was prognathous, smaller chin and large sized teeth. They also developed a primitive type of speech. They probably ate meat and used the cave for shelter and Fire for various purposes. Their other contemporaries were also discovered in various locations around the world.

Java man or Homo Erectus Erectus -  they were also called pithecanthropus Erectus and discovered by Dubois  from Java. They had larger size with protruded faces, large jaws, flat nose and thick lips.

Peking man or Homo Erectus pekinensis - they were also called Sinanthropus pekinensis. They were discovered from a cave near Beijing. They were shorter but with large cranial capacity. They used sharp  tools.

Neanderthal Man or Homo neanderthalensis - They lived near  East and Central Asia between 100000 to  40000 years ago. Their height was about 150 cm but their  cranial capacity was about 1400 CC. Foreheads were broad.Nose was long and they  lived  in caves as well as hut-like structures. They started  to bury their dead.

Homo sapiens - they are also known as  Man. They evolved from Homo Erectus around five lakh years ago. They were probably found in África And spread throughout the world.

Cromagnon man - homo Sapiens - Their fossils were present between 20000 to 50000 years back their height was about 180 cm cranial capacity was about 1650 cc with broad forehead. Face was orthognathus, thick skull, strong jaws and narrow nose. They were cave dwellers. They went hunting with an arrow. Ivory ornaments were used. They did nice cave painting.

Modern man or Homo sapien Sapiens - They Were evolved during the Ice Age between 10000 to 75000 years ago.Their skull bones have become thin. The cranial capacity is about 1400CC.  There are multiple bones in their vertebral column.  The modern man has undergone long culture and evolution. The art of painting was develop.The evidence of painting has been found at Bhimbetka cave     in Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh .