Microbes are used in commercial purpose like cholesterol lowering agent, beverages, enzyme , Acids,

Microbes are used in  commercial purpose like cholesterol lowering agent, beverages, enzyme , Acids

• Microbes play an important role in the production of  various products  that are consumed  or used by human beings.

• Microbes are used in  commercial purpose like cholesterol lowering agent, beverages, enzyme , Acids at large scale or commercially. 

• The production at the commercial scale requires a large vessel where microbes produce desired products by its microbial activity. These large vessels are known as fermenters. 

Microbes used in production of Beverages-

• The beverages are produced in these large vessels due to the microbial activity at large proportions. Prominently Saccharomyces cerevisiae are used in production of  alcoholic beverages like beer Whisky, rum, brandy etc.

• On the basis of raw material and method of processing, Alcoholic beverages are classified. The method of Processing signifies the distillation.

• Wine and beer are produced without distillation and whisky, brandy, rum, are produced by distillation. 

Microbes used in production of Organic acids-

• Microbes produce various types of organic acid at commercial level. 

• These acids are used in different ways by humans. These are produced by the mechanism of microbial transformation.

• Some example of microbes that produced organic acids are being given below -

• Rhizopus species produce gluconic acid , malic acid.

• Acetic acid and Citric acid are produced by Acetobacter and Aspergillus niger respectively. Similarly, Butyric acid is produced by Clostridium butylicum. 

• Actinobacillus succinogenes is used in production of succinic acids by the fermentation of xylose, mannose, glucose, arabinose etc.

• Rhizopus  arrhizus, a fungi is involved in production of Fumaric acid through the process of fermentation.

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• Lactobionic acid is produced by oxidation of lactose present in Whey by the species of Gluconobacter and Gluconacetobacter.

Microbes used in production of  Enzymes immunosuppressive agents

• Microbes are used in formation of several kinds of enzymes at the commercial scale.

• These enzymes are  Protease, pectinase, lipase,amylase etc.

• Amylase are used in the textile and paper industry, Chocolate industry and sometimes in syrup. 

• Pectinase and protease are frequently used in the fruit juice industry. 

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• Lipases are used  in detergent production and also used to remove stains of oil from clothes in all laundries.

• A bacteria known as streptococcus that produce streptokinase. It is also called a clot buster. It is used to dissolve the clot  in blood vessels of patients suffering from cardiac arrest. 

• Another product Cyclosporin A that is a strong immuno-suppressive agent, frequently used in case of organ transplantation. 

• Trichoderma polysporum is a fungus that produces cyclosporin A.

• Statin is blood cholesterol lowering agent. It is produced by a yeast called Monascus purpureus.

• It inhibit the activity of enzymes responsible for synthesis of cholesterol .

• Ephedrine that is used in treatment of Asthma, are produced by activity of yeast.

Microbes used in production of  Aminoacids and vitamins-

• Lysine , Methionine and L - Glutamic acid are amino acids that are also produced by microbes . 

• Corynebacterium glutamicium  was  used in production of Lysine whereas L- glutamic acid is a product of fermentation that is carried by the Arthtrobacter. 

• Fermentation process of microbes also produces several types of vitamins.

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• Ashbya gossypii produces Riboflavin whereas Folic acid ( Vitamin B12) Is released by pseudomonas denitrificans.

• Vitamin B12 is commercially produced by fermentation carried out by Streptomyces during the production of certain antibiotics.